How many chromosomes do humans have?

• A. 23
• B. 46
• C. 48
• D. 49

Answer: (B)

Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. This includes 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males). Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair, which is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and stability through generations.

The number of chromosomes is a defining characteristic of a species, and in humans, the normal diploid number is 46. This count is essential for proper cell division processes such as mitosis and meiosis, where the accurate distribution of chromosomes is necessary for healthy development and function. A deviation from this number can lead to genetic disorders, which highlights the importance of understanding the typical chromosome count in humans.