In the context of genetics, what does the term "F2 generation" refer to?

• A. The first filial generation
• B. The second filial generation
• C. A pure breeding generation
• D. A genetically modified generation

Answer: (B)

The term "F2 generation" specifically refers to the second filial generation that results from crossing two individuals from the F1 generation, which is the first filial generation. In genetic studies, the F1 generation is typically produced by the mating of two parental (P) generation individuals, each with distinct traits.

Thus, the F2 generation is generated as a result of self-pollination or crossing among the F1 individuals. This generation provides valuable insights into inheritance patterns, as it reveals the segregation and assortment of alleles inherited from the F1 generation. The F2 generation is often analyzed in genetic experiments, such as Mendel's pea plant studies, to observe phenotypic ratios and understand dominance, recessiveness, and independent assortment of genes.

In contrast, the first filial generation refers to F1, pure breeding refers to individuals that consistently produce offspring with the same phenotype when self-fertilized, and genetically modified generation implies that the organisms have undergone alteration through genetic engineering, none of which accurately define the F2 generation.