What does a karyotype reveal about a somatic cell?

• A. The functionality of genes
• B. The types of traits exhibited
• C. The number of chromosomes present
• D. The environmental adaptations

Answer: (C)

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged and numbered according to standard conventions. It reveals the number and structure of chromosomes present in a somatic cell. This includes identifying whether the chromosome number is normal, such as the typical 46 chromosomes in humans, or if there are abnormalities, such as an extra chromosome (as seen in Down syndrome) or missing chromosomes (which can lead to various genetic disorders).

Understanding the number of chromosomes is crucial in genetics, as it can affect development, health, and the functioning of the organism. While the functionality of genes, traits exhibited, and environmental adaptations are important aspects of genetics, they are not directly observable through a karyotype. A karyotype cannot provide information on gene functionality or phenotypic traits, as those require analysis at the molecular level or through phenotypic assessments, and environmental adaptations involve external factors impacting an organism. Therefore, the number of chromosomes present is the key aspect revealed by a karyotype.