What does genetic recombination result from?

• A. Independent assortment
• B. Crossing over
• C. Both A and B
• D. None of the above

Answer: (C)

Genetic recombination refers to the process by which genetic material is rearranged during the formation of gametes, leading to new combinations of alleles. This process significantly contributes to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.

Independent assortment occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes are separated into daughter cells randomly. This randomness means that the alleles for different traits are distributed independently of one another, allowing for various combinations of traits in the offspring.

Crossing over is another essential mechanism of genetic recombination, taking place during prophase I of meiosis. In this process, chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments, resulting in new allele combinations on each chromosome. This exchange enhances genetic variation by creating new allele combinations that were not present in either parent.

Since both independent assortment and crossing over contribute to the overall process of genetic recombination, the correct answer encompasses both of these mechanisms, illustrating the multifaceted nature of how genetic variation arises in organisms.