What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• A. DNA to RNA to Protein
• B. RNA to DNA to Protein
• C. Protein to RNA to DNA
• D. DNA to Protein to RNA

Answer: (A)

The central dogma of molecular biology is a foundational concept that describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. The correct sequence is DNA to RNA to Protein. This process begins with DNA, which serves as the genetic blueprint for all cellular functions.

First, the information encoded in DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) through the process of transcription. This mRNA then undergoes translation, where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and synthesize a polypeptide chain of amino acids, ultimately folding into functional proteins. Proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and regulating processes within the cell.

Understanding this flow of information is crucial for grasping how genes express themselves and how traits are inherited, making this concept a cornerstone of genetics and molecular biology.