What is the focus of genetic screening?

• A. Analysis of historical genetic data
• B. Population-level testing for genetic diseases
• C. Testing for diseases in symptomatic individuals
• D. Individualized therapy based on genetic information

Answer: (B)

The focus of genetic screening is primarily on population-level testing for genetic diseases. This involves analyzing a large group of individuals for specific genetic traits or disorders, often before symptoms occur, allowing for early identification and intervention. The goal is to identify individuals who may be carriers of specific genetic conditions or who are at risk of developing certain diseases, thus enabling appropriate preventive measures.

This screening can be particularly beneficial in identifying conditions that may not present immediately or manifest only under certain circumstances, facilitating public health strategies and resource allocation. For example, newborn screening programs test infants for metabolic and genetic disorders shortly after birth, substantially improving outcomes through early treatment.

Analyzing historical genetic data, while useful for understanding patterns and trends in genetics, does not serve the primary purpose of identifying at-risk individuals in the current population. Testing symptomatic individuals focuses on diagnosis rather than screening, which is typically aimed at detecting undiagnosed diseases in healthy individuals or asymptomatic carriers. Individualized therapy based on genetic information pertains to personalized medicine rather than screening, which seeks to identify risk factors in a broader context before disease onset.