What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

• A. To carry amino acids to the ribosome
• B. To transfer genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
• C. To splice introns from pre-mRNA
• D. To form the structure of ribosomes

Answer: (B)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis by transferring the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. The genetic information that is stored in the DNA of a cell is transcribed into mRNA in a process called transcription. This mRNA molecule captures the sequence of nucleotides (codons) that specify which amino acids will be assembled to form a particular protein.

Once synthesized, mRNA exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it interacts with ribosomes. The ribosomes read the sequence of codons on the mRNA and translate this information into a specific sequence of amino acids, thus building a polypeptide chain and ultimately forming proteins.

The other options refer to different components or processes within protein synthesis. The role of carrying amino acids to the ribosome pertains to transfer RNA (tRNA), while splicing introns from pre-mRNA is a part of RNA processing involving spliceosomes. Additionally, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the component responsible for forming the structure of ribosomes, not mRNA. Therefore, the primary function of mRNA as the carrier of genetic information from DNA to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis makes it an essential molecule in gene