Which of the following macromolecules store and transmit genetic information?

• A. Proteins
• B. Nucleic acids
• C. Lipids
• D. Carbohydrates

Answer: (B)

Nucleic acids are the macromolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. They include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA serves as the genetic blueprint, containing the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. It holds the sequence of nucleotides, which encode the genetic information. RNA plays a key role in expressing this information, acting as a messenger and participating in the synthesis of proteins through processes like transcription and translation.

The structure of nucleic acids, composed of nucleotide monomers linked together, allows them to form complex three-dimensional shapes, facilitating their diverse functions in both storage and transmission of genetic material. In contrast, proteins play various roles in the body, but they do not store genetic information. Lipids primarily serve as structural components of cell membranes and energy reserves, while carbohydrates are mainly involved in energy storage and providing structural support in cells. Therefore, nucleic acids stand out as the critical macromolecules in the context of genetic information.