Which organization of genetic material is necessary for proper genetic function?

• A. Chromatin
• B. Chromosomes
• C. Nucleotides
• D. Proteins

Answer: (B)

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of chromosomes in the organization of genetic material necessary for proper genetic function. Chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that carry the genetic information of an organism. During cell division, chromosomes ensure accurate replication and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. This structured organization allows for efficient packaging of DNA, protection against damage, and regulation of gene expression.

In contrast, while chromatin, the less condensed form of DNA, also plays a role in the organization of genetic material, it is primarily found in non-dividing cells and serves as a configuration that enables genes to be accessed for transcription. Nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, are crucial for forming the genetic code but do not represent the organization of genetic material itself. Similarly, proteins, although essential for various biological functions as well as DNA packaging (histones), do not themselves represent the organization of genetic material. Therefore, chromosomes are fundamental for maintaining and facilitating the proper function of genetic material in living organisms.