Which prion disease is known for affecting the human population with a history of cannibalism?

• A. Kuru
• B. Scrapie
• C. Chronic wasting disease
• D. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Answer: (A)

Kuru is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions and is particularly associated with the practice of cannibalism, specifically among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. This disease results from the consumption of infected human brain tissue, which is a significant transmission route for the prion responsible for Kuru. Symptoms typically manifest as loss of coordination, tremors, and eventually lead to severe neurological deterioration.

The association between Kuru and cannibalism highlights the role of cultural practices in the spread of prion diseases. Historical accounts reveal that the Fore people engaged in mortuary rituals that included the consumption of deceased relatives, leading to the spread of Kuru among their population. This uniquely ties Kuru to the cultural practice of cannibalism, making it the correct answer to the question.

In contrast, Scrapie is a prion disease affecting sheep and goats, Chronic Wasting Disease impacts deer and elk, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as 'mad cow disease,' affects cattle. None of these diseases are linked to human practices like cannibalism and do not have a historical connection to the human population in the same way that Kuru does.