Which two methods are examples of protein level testing for genetic conditions?

• A. Biochemical and immunological
• B. RFLP and PCR
• C. Gene expression and sequencing
• D. Western blot and Southern blot

Answer: (A)

The correct choice is based on understanding that protein level testing focuses on the analysis of proteins to assess genetic conditions. Biochemical methods involve analyzing the presence or function of proteins, enzymes, or metabolites, which can reveal information about genetic disorders. Immunological methods are used to detect specific proteins or antibodies in a sample, providing insights into diseases and genetic conditions.

In contrast, other choices involve techniques that primarily focus on DNA or RNA rather than proteins. For example, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are both methods related to DNA analysis, focusing on genetic markers and amplification of genetic material, respectively. Gene expression and sequencing techniques also relate to RNA and DNA management, quantifying gene activity or determining nucleotide sequences rather than assessing protein levels.

Additionally, while Western blot is indeed a protein-level testing method detecting specific proteins in a sample, Southern blot is a technique that focuses on DNA, identifying specific sequences rather than proteins. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes methods that directly test proteins to evaluate genetic conditions, making the biochemical and immunological methods the most appropriate choice.