Which type of macromolecule includes DNA and RNA?

• A. Proteins
• B. Nucleic acids
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Lipids

Answer: (B)

Nucleic acids are the type of macromolecule that includes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). These molecules are essential for storing and transferring genetic information in living organisms. DNA is responsible for long-term genetic storage and transmission, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and regulation of gene expression.

Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The specific sequence of these nucleotides in DNA and RNA encodes the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms.

Understanding this structure and function is key to the field of genetics, as nucleic acids are fundamental to the processes of inheritance and the expression of traits.